The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.